Electric Commuter Train Or Commuter Rail Tourism Essay

Electric Commuter Train Or Commuter Rail Tourism Essay Electric commuter train or commuter rail is a passenger rail transport service between a city center and commuter towns that draw large numbers of people who travel on a daily basis. Commuter trains are usually optimized for maximum passenger volume, in most cases without sacrificing too much comfort and luggage space, though they seldom have all the amenities of long-distance trains. This service provided by the government in order to give more convenience towards people for urban and rural areas to move (White, 2002). The service is able to meets the requirement and desire through the perception of Malaysian citizen towards the service quality of commuter train by Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB). The service quality in the commuter train can be measured by SERVQUAL dimension which is focuses in term of tangibles, reliability and responsiveness (Parasuraman et. al., 1985). According to Wiki, SERVQUAL was originally measured on 10 aspects of  service quality: reliability, respo nsiveness, competence, access, courtesy, communication, credibility, security, understanding the  customer  and tangibles. It measures the gap between customer expectations and experience. The service quality of the commuter train becomes important issue in order to have better and comfortable environment. The service quality of the public transport in that area seems unsatisfied and average level, which are physical facilities in term of cleanliness and comfortableness, punctuality, frequencies and responsiveness of the driver and conductor of the public transports. Is it the services quality of the commuter train is really implemented well in this country whether in urban or rural areas? This is because more allocation provided to reconstruct the quality of public transport. Therefore these researches try to investigate the perception of the Malaysian citizen towards the service qualities of the Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB). Background of the study In Malaysia, KTM commuter is the one of the electrified commuter train service that operated by Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB). It was first introduced in 1995 to cater people especially in Kuala Lumpur and the surrounding suburban areas and it is a popular mode of transport for people who are working in Kuala Lumpur as they can travel to the city without being caught in traffic congestion. KTM commuter is currently the most profitable passenger service offered by KTMB, contributing RM84.63 million to group revenue in 2006, higher than KTM Intercitys profit of RM70.94 million in the same year (Nathan and Darshini, 2007). KTM commuter has attracted a significant number of passengers in the transportation market. According to the Ministry of Transport Malaysia 2008 Statistics; the annual ridership for KTM commuter was 36,557 millions of passengers (MOT, 2008). This study is important for KTMB generally and KTM commuter specifically to improve their services especially trains services. Having the information gathered from this study, they can look for effective ways in overcoming these problems and be more competitive in their services since the respondents for this study are KTM commuter customers themselves. From the findings of this study, the management can be made aware of the problems that they are facing everyday and the come up with proactive actions to provide better services to the customers. In return, the customers will enjoy a better quality of services in the future. Research objectives The objectives of the study are: To assess the service quality perceived by passengers of Malaysian citizen who ride the KTM commuter To examine factors influencing the good services provided by KTM commuter. Problem statement The current issues and problems regards in the Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) public transports is the time arrival and time travel delaying. Many customers or passengers when went and used that service they was not satisfied with the service quality provided by this KTM B after used the KTM commuter service in term of punctuality and frequencies of train arrive. This issue showed even the public transportation is modernized and in the urban areas but service quality is still lacking and not well implemented. This will lead to negative perception and not satisfy the consumer using the public transports (Karen Thompson, Peter Schofield 2002). The problem of time arrival delaying was related with the other problem which is the space in the KTM commuter. This is because insufficient space to carry more passengers and others whereby the congestion occurred. Nowadays people out there mostly using a public transport like commuter as their transport so, the chance of increase passenger s are higher than before. So when the space of KTM commuter limited and crowded it will become worse to passengers to use and went it. Significant of the study Today the need for an efficient and effective public transportation service like KTM commuter is becoming more importance in order to overcome these problems especially in the Klang Valley. Besides that, many transportation companies are competing with each other to attract as many customers and gain more profit. It is imperative that KTM commuter needs to become more progressive and aggressive to compete with the competitors because nowadays, customers are becoming more demanding with the quality of the service. The want value for money that is they expect the service quality that they received from the service providers equals or exceeds what they had paid for (Mitra Lagerstrom, 2002). Reliability is focusing on frequencies and punctuality of the public transport arrives on time and able to meet the perception expectation of the user. Reliability means the ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately (Parasuraman, et. al., 1988). The measuring arrival of the pu blic transport at the destination on time is of limited usefulness and will give positive impact towards the public expectation and perceptions. The punctuality measured in term of time arrival and departure is important elements in reliability service quality of dimension. Theoretical framework Speed Punctuality Service quality Space Frequency Safety Reliability Train operationDEPENDENT VARIABLES Comfort INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Research hypothesis There are three hypothesis developed in this study: Hypothesis 1 : There is a significant difference between dimension of tangible and service quality of the Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) Hypothesis 2 : There is a significant difference between dimension of reliability and service quality of the Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) Hypothesis 3 : There is a significant difference between dimension of responsiveness and service quality of the Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) Task 2 (LOC 3 : AC 3) Introduction Literature review is a documentation of a comprehensive review of the published and unpublished work from secondary sources of data in the areas of specific interest to the researcher. Past research on the phenomenon under investigation must play key role in the process of problem formulation. Literature review Customer satisfaction According to our team survey , most of the people satisfied with KTMB services meanwhile there are some services that KTMB are not doing well in their job customer satisfaction are important because customer are judging by services based on pricing that KTMB create. KTMB also have to improve their services based on doing a survey, give a recommendation to customer itself, on other hand the customer also have to give their opinion on what there want or like. Customer loyalty Customer loyalty always follows satisfaction, which is determined from the service quality offered by the KTMB. It is also one of the most frequently used indicators to measure the success of a marketing strategy. Research methodology Introduction The word methodology is the method that any researcher used with appropriate steps, method, technique and tools together with the approaches taken in the research process. Data collection Primary data Primary data is used for this research and the data is obtained using self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaire comprised of two sections. The first section is designed to capture the respondents demographic. The questions asked in this section are related to the respondents gender, nationality, ethnicity, age, marital status, and occupation. The second section is designed to measure the customers perceptions towards various dimensions of services performance in KTM commuter service. The questionnaires are distributed among customers on board the train and those waiting for trains in the stations between 8 October to 10 October 2010. The sample for this study consists of 50 respondent in Batang Benar station. Secondary data According Kotler and Armstrong, secondary data can be defined as information that already exists somewhere, having been collected for another purpose. It may be available from internal sources, or may have been collected and published by another organization. Secondary data usually can be obtained more quickly and at lower price than primary data as researchers can gain the needed data in form of government reports and statistics, company reports and accounts, articles or journals in internet and reports in newspapers. Besides, the data that has been collected can be used to get a new perspective on the current study, to compare the work from previous findings or to use as a reference for future study. The table below shows the secondary sources that will be used in carrying out the research. Sources Explanation Books Literary work by professionals that relates to the food and beverage industry, guides on conducting research projects, as well as information on data of previously conducted research. Internet The internet offers unlimited sources of information that caters to all topic areas. Journals Journals are a good source of secondary data, as they may contain vital information of a certain period of time. Past Research Data from previous research can be used to compare the statistics and other information Task 3 (LOC 3 : AC 4 and LOC 4 : AC 1 and AC 2) Here are more ideas as to how to solve the problem on transportation. This research can understand for simplicity why KTMB designate their routes Seremban-Rawang and Sentul-Port Klang. But being so rigid about it can lead to adverse effects. Most people who take the KTM commuter are doing it to get in and out of the city (e.g. Subang Jaya-Sentral). Or users who just want to travel down the line (e.g. Seremban-Kajang). Although there must be people who use it to cross the Klang Valley (e.g. Seremban-Rawang), they are not in the majority. The way the service routes are designed, it seems silly why these trains have to make one full journey back and forth each branch for every run. Actual fact, delays at one part of the system can lead to other trains being delayed elsewhere, further down the line. For example, a Rawang-Seremban service might be delayed simply because somewhere in Kajang, there is a delay. In other words, researcher suggesting that the operations of these services should be made somewhat a bit more independent to each other. KTMB should consider introducing a variety of routes. Other than that, at not so busy hours, they should maintain their current service routes, as usual. But at peak hours: Seremban-Tasik Selatan Passengers take the Sri Petaling LRT or KLIA Transit to continue their journeys. Rawang-Bank Negara Passengers take the Sri Petaling and Ampang LRT to continue their southward journeys. Reduce service on the Sentul KTM branch passengers can hope off at Bank Negara to continue on the Sri Petaling and Ampang LRT. Introduce express services that bypass not-so busy stations. Introduce services that start and terminate at busy stations like Subang Jaya, Serdang etc. Construct a Komuter station at Abdullah Hukum to allow westerly passengers to bypass Sentral (and finally putting Abdullah Hukum to good use). Continue serving the usual full Rawang-Seremban and Sentul-Port Klang routes but at low frequencies. With the savings of rolling stock, couple those together to serve busy routes. The delays experienced by KTM commuter users seem to be with regards to clashing intercity and freight trains, and usually this is most severe in KL, from the Jalan Bangsar Junction to Jalan Kuching. Naturally the most sensible thing would be to schedule all trains, and make sure they follow their schedules. But they dont, for reasons sometimes beyond KTMs control. There is the issue of different grades of service on different lines. KLIA Transit, being the most posh, followed by the LRTs and Monorail and the KTM commuter at the bottom. And with this, also have different fares for similar journeys. For example, for the journey Bandar Tasik Selatan to KL Sentral Komuter RM1.00 KLIA Transit RM4.20 Sentul to Bandaraya/Bank Negara (although Sentul KTM and LRT are at different places) Komuter RM1.00 LRT RM1.40 It is also inevitable that KTM has to Improve on its scheduling and also further computerization with traffic control. Increase in capacity by acquiring more rolling stock to articulate the current trains and to have more train sets in service. Improve its station quality as well as integration with other rail lines. C:UsersANNA HBCRDesktopKlktm.gif Finding To find effectiveness of KTMB as a public transportation KTMB was an effective way to travel as a public transportation. KTMB was the respondents choice as a public transportation to travel around Rawang-Seremban, Sentul-Port Klang. Alternative public transportation that the respondents choose was bus. To identify the areas covered by KTMB KTMB covers the area that the respondents were going therefore it showed that the respondent were happy and satisfied with the areas covered by KTMB. The areas that had been covered by KTMB was close to the respondent workplace and to Mid Valley which one of a top spot for tourist and people to shop and hang out. To compare the fare of KTMB with other public transportation The researcher found out that the respondent were satisfied with the ticket price of KTMB compared with the price of other public transportation. The factor that many respondents were satisfied was the fare price is cheaper than taking other public transportation. KTMB was close to the place that many respondents were going therefore KTMB was the majority respondents choice of transportation. To analyze the frequency of travelers using KTMB transportation The researcher found out that the travelling frequency for KTMB was adequate for respondents as many of the respondents used this service to travel around Rawang-Seremban, Sentul-Port Klang. Important factor would be that the respondents used this service because their workplace is situated in KL Central, Mid Valley and etc also to avoid traffic jams. Gantt Chart for Research Project Proposal Activity Start Date Duration (days) End Date Proposal 14/9/2011 3 17/9/2011 Survey Methodology 14/9/2011 1 15/9/2011 Literature Review: 18/9/2011 12 10/9/2011 Authors 18/9/2011 7 25/9/2011 Government Publications 27/9/2011 7 4/10/2011 Questionnaire Preparation 5/10/2011 1 6/10/2011 Interview and Survey 6/10/2011 2 8/10/2011 Tally and Analyze Survey Questionnaire 8/10/2011 1 9/10/2011 End Discussion and Conclusion 9/10/2011 1 10/10/2011 14/9/2011 8/10/2011 25/10/2011 6/10/2011 Proposal Survey Methodology Literature Review: Authors Government Publications Questionnaire Preparation Interview and Survey Tally and Analyze Survey à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ End Discussion and Conclusion Start Date Duration (days) Task 4 (LOC 4 : AC 3) Conclusion and recommendation Findings of this study have important practical to management of quality of the Malaysian rail services. This study demonstrates the usefulness as a measure of service quality. The measurement scale also serves to identify symptoms and the underlying problems that inhibit the effective provision of quality services in rail transport. Once the attributes of rail services from the customers perspective are more clearly known and understood, its service providers will be in a better position to anticipate consumer requirements rather than to react to consumer dissatisfaction. The attributes of reliability and tangibles have been identified by respondents to be the most important dimensions of service quality. These two dimensions were also found to have the highest gap (perception minus expectation), implying that customers expectation of reliability and tangibles dimensions of the railway services are not met by KTMB. Although these findings cannot be generalized to the overall passenger profile, KTMB should use it as an impetus to assess their services, particularly to study ways of improving on their reliability and tangibles dimensions. KTMB management could start by improving on staff training, especially to train their staff to be more professional and courteous when dealing with customers. The public confidence of KTMB has to be gained and the best way is for the management to look at improving on aspects such as reliability of services, improving physical facilities, training of staff and communicating precise information on train schedules. In view of the intense competition in the transport sector with the opening of the North-South Highway, it is imperative that the management of KTMB carry out more research to discover any shortfalls in service quality and to take necessary corrective measures in case of a shortfall. This could ensure that the service quality of KTMB provides the best to its consumers in order to compete effectively with other modes of transport. As the consumer plays a key role in the definition and evaluation of the quality of rail services offered, managers of KTMB should incorporate consumer expectations and perceptions in the formulation of effective long-term marketing strategy. KTM should improved the train service in terms of the punctuality and provide a suitable frequency (for example: every 10 minutes) to reduce congestion at the stations especially during peak hours. This study also recommends that future researchers should come out with the focus groups to compare the opinion between KTMB users with other transportation mode users.

Case Analysis Texas V. Johnson

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES ________________________________________ 491 U. S. 397 Texas v. Johnson CERTIORARI TO THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TEXAS ________________________________________ No. 88-155 Argued: March 21, 1989 — Decided: June 21, 1989 This case analysis of Texas v. Gregory Lee Johnson was a Supreme Court case that overthrew bans on damaging the American flag in 48 of the 50 states. Gregory Lee Johnson participated in a political demonstration during the 1984 Republican National Convention in Dallas, Texas, where he burned the American flag.Consequently, Johnson was charged with violating the Texas law that bans vandalizing valued objects. However, Johnson appealed his conviction, and his case eventually went to the Supreme Court. Facts And Procedural History In 1984, the Republican Party convened in Dallas, Texas for their national convention. President Ronald Regan, seeking a second term in office, was to be officially delegated as the GOP (Grand Old Party) candidate for President. Scores of individuals organized a political protest in Dallas, which voiced opposition to Reagan administration policies, and those of some Dallas-based corporations.Among these protesters was a man by the name of Gregory Lee Johnson, who participated in a political demonstration, called the â€Å"Republican War Chest Tour. † As the demonstrators marched through the streets, chanting their message, a fellow protestor handed Johnson an American flag that had been taken from a flag pole at one of their protest locations. Upon reaching the Dallas City Hall, Johnson doused the flag with kerosene and set it on fire. In addition, Johnson and his fellow demonstrators circled the burning flag and shouted â€Å"America, the red, white, and blue, we spit on you. No one was hurt or threatened with injury by the act, but many who witnessed it were deeply offended. Therefore, Johnson was arrested, charged and convicted under Texas â€Å"desecration of a v enerated object† statue, sentenced to one year prison, and fined $2000. Moreover, Texas was not the only state to have anti-flag burning laws on the books, 47 other states also criminalized flag desecration (Joel, 2011. ) Principles to the case A principle to the case is mens rea accompanying â€Å"Symbolic expression â€Å"which is a phrase often used to describe expression that is mixed with elements of conduct (Cline, 2011. The issues argued were the 1st Amendment, and protest demonstrations. The Supreme Court has made clear in a series of cases that symbolic expression (or expressive conduct) may be protected by the First Amendment (Cline, 2011. ) However, of the approximately 100 demonstrators, Johnson alone was charged with a crime. Johnson appealed his conviction and his case eventually went to the Supreme Court. The principle to the case is burning a U. S. flag in protest was expressive conduct protected by the First Amendment.In determining the case, the court first considered the question of whether the First Amendment reached non-speech acts, since Johnson was convicted of flag desecration rather than verbal communication, and, if so, whether Johnson's burning of the flag constituted expressive conduct, which would permit him to invoke the First Amendment in challenging his conviction. The First Amendment literally forbids the abridgment only of ‘speech,’ but has long recognized that its protection does not end at the spoken or written word.If there is a bedrock principle underlying the First Amendment, it is that the government may not prohibit the expression of an idea; simply because society finds the idea itself offensive or disagreeable (Find Law, 2011. ) In addition, Johnson argued that the Texas flag desecration statute violated the First Amendment, which says â€Å"Congress shall make no law †¦ abridging the freedom of speech †¦ or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government f or a redress of grievances. † Consequently, the state of Texas argued that it had an interest in preserving the flag as a symbol of national unity.Analysis Of The Court Findings I agree to some extent with the ruling, since it claims that its interest in preventing breaches of the peace justifies Johnson's conviction for flag desecration. However, no disturbance of the peace actually occurred, or threatened to occur because of Johnson's burning of the flag. Johnson deliberately chose to burn the American flag in order to demonstrate his deep distress over the nation’s policies. His gesture was an attempt to cry out to the government for a redress of grievances, and not to commit an act of juvenile vandalism.The 1st and 14th amendments protect Johnson’s symbolic protest. Also, the only evidence offered by the state at trial to show the reaction to Johnson's actions was the testimony of several persons who had been seriously offended by the flag burning. This case sparked years of debate over the meaning of the flag, including efforts to amend the Constitution to allow for a prohibition of the â€Å"physical desecration† of the flag. The only evidence offered by the State at trial to show the reaction to Johnson's actions was the testimony of several persons who had been seriously offended by the flag burning.They rejected the claim that the ban was necessary to protect breaches of the peace due to the offense that burning a flag would cause. Burning a U. S. flag in protest was expressive conduct protected by the First Amendment. â€Å"The First Amendment literally forbids the abridgment only of ‘speech,’ but we have long recognized that its protection does not end at the spoken or written word†¦. If there is a bedrock principle underlying the First Amendment, it is that the government may not prohibit the expression of an idea simply because society finds the idea itself offensive or disagreeable. (Find Law, 2011. ) Another fact I find interesting is that Johnson was prosecuted because he knew that his politically charged expression would cause a â€Å"serious offense. † If he had burned the flag as a means of disposing of it because it was dirty or torn, he would not have been convicted of flag desecration under this Texas law; however, federal law designates burning as the preferred means of disposing of a flag â€Å"when it is in such condition that it is no longer a fitting emblem for display,† 36 U. S. C.  § 176(k), and Texas has no quarrel with this means of disposal (ACLU, 2011. Johnson was convicted for engaging in expressive conduct. The State's interest in preventing breaches of the peace does not support his conviction, because Johnson's conduct did not threaten to disturb the peace; nor does the State's interest in preserving the flag as a symbol of nationhood and national unity justify his criminal conviction for engaging in political expression. Therefore, the jud gment of the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals was affirmed. Conclusion To put it briefly, grunts and howls do not inspire laws banning them; owever, a person who grunts in public is looked at as being strange, but laws do not punish them for grunting instead of communicating in whole sentences. If people are irritated by desecration of the American flag, it is because of what they believe is being communicated by such acts. Thus, amending the Constitution to permit bans on flag burning is not just a solution in search of a problem. Instead, I believe it is also a â€Å"solution† which will likely serve to create the problem it is trying to solve in the first place. References ACLU (2011. Burn the Flag or Burn the Constitution? Retrieved September 1, 2011 from http://www. aclu. org/blog/tag/flag-burning. Cline, A. (2011) Can Flag Burning Send a Political Message Be Made a Crime? Retrieved September11,2011fromhttp://atheism. about. com/od/flagburningcourtcases/a/TexasJohnson. ht ml. Find Law (2011. ) Cases and Codes. Retrieved September 1, 2011 from http://caselaw. findlaw. com/wa-supreme-court/1102265. html. Joel, S. (2011. ) Texas v. Johnson. Retrieved September 1, 2011 from book Criminal Law, tenth Edition, Page47.

Art Fakes and Forgeries Essay - 1266 Words

Chris Wiley English 1000 13 September 2010 Fakes and Forgeries Lessing v. Dutton The two essays, â€Å"What is Wrong with a Forgery,† by Alfred Lessing and â€Å"Artistic Crimes,† by Denis Dutton, explore the different reasons that they give negative connotation to the concept of an artistic forgery. Each author concludes that a forgery is indeed wrongful, however their reasons for this conclusion differ in several distinct ways. This essay will summarize both authors’ main points and compare and contrast the fundamental differences of their arguments. Lessing begins â€Å"What is Wrong with a Forgery† by establishing that forgeries are not void of aesthetic value. In fact, he states that a clear distinction must be made between the†¦show more content†¦Lessing uses this concept to draw a distinction between creativity or originality and reproduction or technique. Technique, he says is public, it is something anyone can possess or learn, while originality or creativity is a deeper concept to explore. Both qualities in pe rfect balance, he asserts, are necessary to create a great work of art. Lessing says forgery is in the concept of originality and not technique stating, â€Å"forgery is a concept that can be made meaningful only by reference to the concept of originality, and hence only to art viewed as a creative, not as a reproductive or technical, activity. The element of performance or technique in art cannot be an object for forgery because technique is not the kind of thing that can be forged. Technique is, as it were, public.† In the Vermeer case, it is not the technique that was forged but his discovery of it; his originality in its use. Lessing further defines his view of artistic originality and its importance. He contends that true artistic originality comes from the impact on the history and progression of art. 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Impact of the Globalization of Baseball - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2821 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/27 Category Sports Essay Level High school Tags: Baseball Essay Globalization Essay Did you like this example? The reason why I chose this topic is because when it comes to international trade, baseball has an important influence on how some countries export talent to bring in more money. Baseball is known as Americas national past time, however during about the past generation, especially from the 1980s to the present, the world has experienced fundamental changes, and globalization has emerged as one of the foremost discourses. The global development of sport has also accelerated from the 1980s; for example, one can find the flows from country to country of sporting goods, equipment and landscapes that have grown such as the development of the media-sport production complex and project images to global audiences. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Impact of the Globalization of Baseball" essay for you Create order The migration dimension involves the international movement of people such as tourists, exiles and guest workers; in the sports arena, the global migration of sports personnel, such as coaches, players, etc. has been a pronounced and established feature of the sporting global village in recent decades. For instance, the movement of player migration occurs in some sports, such as professional baseball, between North America, Latin America, and East Asia. The economic dimension has been obviously concerned on the rapid flow of money and its equivalents around the world. It is evident that the flow of finance in the global sports arena has come to focus on the international trade in personnel, prize money and endorsements, and the marketing of sport along specific lines. Another factor that must be considered is the media dimension, it entails the flow between countries of information and images that are produced and distributed by newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and the World Wide Web. The sport-related media continuously broadcasts images of sports to large global audiences. For example, consider worldwide audiences for the World Baseball Classic in 2006. Another example of worldwide exposure would be younger baseball players who are in their early stage of baseball; during in the summer they also televise the Little League World Series. This is where the talent from different countries get their first chance to show the world how good they are. The U.S. is a central part of the global system, the most striking example of transnational power of sports organization is Major League Baseball. Players from outside the United States are defined as guest workers in this system; In the MLB, many players are recruited from Latin American countries, such as the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela. Since the turn of the century there has been more of an influx of Asian players that have been a part of the North American professional baseball market and as a resul t of that baseball business is booming in Asia as a rapidly-swelling band of fans follow the exploits of home-grown players on the other side of the Pacific. The growing prominence of foreign born baseball players in MLB appears not only in the performances of foreign superstars such as Sammy Sosa, but also in overall number of foreign players on MLB rosters. By 2005, 242 overseas players, which occupied 29.2% of 829 Major League players, were feature from 15 countries together with Puerto Rico and the Virgin Island. The Dominican Republic leads all countries with 91 players; Venezuela is second with 46, Puerto Rico is the third with 34. As for the Asian countries Japan leads with 21 players, South Korea has 9, and Taiwan has 3. The business of Major League Baseball continues to grow at an extraordinary pace through the expansion of their digital of their digital streaming infrastructure efforts. MLB Advanced Media spin-off BAMTech and Discovery Communications, have reached a long term-term partnership; that gives them access to select European sports rights from worldwide sports properties. While both MLBAM and Discovery Communications would not reveal the financial details, it does not alter the current ownership stake for BAMTech; currently MLB Advanced Media has a 58% stake. One thing is certain; MLBs owners will be reaping the long term benefits as the media landscape is on the verge of a substantial shift. According to MLBAM, in the 14 years of its existence, they and the spin-offs currently are serving 7.5 million total global subscribers with its U.S. based clients OTT products. So moving into the European market seems like the next logical step. Their main goal obviously is to bring in more revenue, but I also feel like they want to promote the game of baseball to a bigger global market. The new-found revenues will give baseballs owners continued cost certainty outside of how well their respective teams perform in the standings, which drive revenues at the gate, via local media contracts, and sponsorships. They have become a growing centralized revenue source th at no other sports league has as an advantage. Major League Baseball saw gross revenue increase by $500 million last year, and was quickly approaching $9.5 billion. In late December they should be at, exceed $10 billion. In 2017, the World Baseball Classic took center stage, Major League Baseball wanted to draw in a big number of audience to watch the tournament, so they invited different countries from all around the world to participate in the tournament. These teams included teams from Europe, the Middle East, Asia and South America, some countries that might not fully grasp the concept and understanding of how the game is played. The main reasoning behind this is that they want more countries to be exposed to the game of baseball and attract more talent for the game to be more diversified. Americas pastime has long had a footprint in countries like Japan, Cuba and Mexico; with the WBC they wanted to showcase the talents from other parts of the world. Typically, the WBC was always played in the United States with just the American player, and Caribbean players and the Latin American players; however that years they had some games played in Se oul, South Korea, and Tokyo, Japan here in the U.S. they move around also from Los Angeles, and San Diego to Miami. Major League Baseballs overall objective internationally is to be the most constructive and meaningful part of cultural life that we can around the world. But that starts with understanding what localized cultural life actually is, and the WBC has served as a sort of fact-finding mission for MLB, allowing the league to learn more about fans and sports culture overseas. The World Baseball Classic was made up of teams from; Canada, China, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Puerto Rico, South Korea, Taiwan, Australia, Mexico, Venezuela, and the United States in the fourth WBC in tournament history. A couple of first timers Columbia and Israel made it into the tournament as well. When you have such diverse groups of people all working for one common goal it can be a wonderful experience from those countries that really dont get the full exposure to showcase their skills, and it is also nice to know that people back in each teams home countries watch and support the own countrymen to do good things and show teamwork and unity between the nations. Personally, in my view, one of the many reasons why I fell in love with this game is that it showed me that no matter what background you have or where you came from none of that matters; because there is only one common goal that is shared by everybody on that team and it is to go as far as possible to have a chance to win the championship. The game of baseball shows that there is not one individual that can win the game by themselves; there are nine individuals the field that has to work together as one unit to accomplish their goal of winning. The game can only create life long bond and friendship that can be forever. Baseball is changing from the days when the game was barely being played, with more migration and the influx of international talent coming into the spotlight, baseball is slowly fading away from being Americas pastime, the popularity and desire for the domestic players is faded away, the desire to bring in new fresh talent is at a demand right now. With high demands for foreign born players, the Dominican Republic from the Caribbean, and Japan from East Asia are the countrys leading the push for more foreign players. For example in the Dominican Republic, baseball is such a predominant sport that the government along with some help from some major leaguers from that country see how the hard work can mak e a difference in their economy; they have collaborated together to build academic facilities for young people to try-out and work on sharping their skills. On average the youngest Dominican child that is looked at on the streets is about 8 years old that means that from the time that he is scouted at 8 years old unless the age of 15 or 16 they are in these facilities training and bettering their craft. Due to the fact that they are force to quit school and focus only on baseball means that they only have one shot to make it big time in the Major Leagues. In the Dominican Republic 4 out of 10 children at living at or below poverty, so these kids have to find something to do to generate some income, some go to school, others are out in the streets, and another handful are busy training for their shot at the big time. Many of the kids that go to school, only finish going to middle school, and then they enter the workforce, those who when into the practice facilities, the percentage of these people coming out and making it big time is only 2% of all the children that entered the program. So with them dedicating their whole youth to the developmental system the children never went to school and they dont have any proper education, so they return to poverty. However, those that do end up making the cut they go on and do big things in baseball, most of them come back home to the island after the season is over; on average from all the Dominican born players major league and minor league salaries combined the island racks up about $400 milli on annually. Some people when they return home from playing baseball for five or six months, they help fund a foundation or an organization to help out there country, some even help build schools, hospitals, etc. The influence is baseball is so high in the Dominican Republic that each of the 30 Major League teams has a training facility in different parts of the island. At the of the regular season some of the players find a spot of different teams from the Caribbean, Mexico or Latin America and play some pick up winter league baseball; some do this to help improve their skills for the start of next season, others do it to not lose the feel the game. In the DR, it is a business that puts thousands of Dominicans to work as they train local prospects as well as Venezuelans, Panamanians, Nicaraguans, Mexican, and Cuban who have escaped the communist regime. All of these countries have seen some benefit from baseball as stars send home back home, but only Dominicans have taken advantage of this opportunity and created a baseball infrastructure. Another country that used to be able to help develop their own home grown player was Venezuela, but political unrest under the countrys socialist governme nt and a growing crime wave have sent major league teams fleeing. This year, a summer league comprising U.S- sponsored teams collapsed, canceling the entire schedule. MLB itself estimates that teams spend about $125 million a year on baseball academies just in the DR; Its easy to get to a half-million dollars that baseball is bringing to the island, an MLB official Ruck said. The spending has not come without controversy, as is often the case with U.S. investments in developing countries, allegations of exploitation; doping and other abuses have dogged the U.S.-run academies. Still enduring, however, are charges the teams have exploited desperately poor youngster from the Dominican Republic and elsewhere by encouraging thousand to quit and chase baseball, Ruck says. Conditions at academies have improved markedly in recent years, says Ruck. Most are more or less state-of-the-art facilities that now emphasizes proper nutrition and provides good living quarters, he says. Another country with strong ties to the development of the game of baseball is Japan; although being outnumbered by the baseball crazy corners of the Caribbean and Latin America the Japanese player have stood their ground in MLB. This was evident during the 2017 World Baseball Classic when they finished with a bronze medal, in a competition where they were supposed to finish in the middle of the middle of pack; in that tournament there were sixteen teams, and out of those sixteen to finish in third behind notorious powerhouse nations like the D.R. and the U.S. that was pretty impressive. The Japanese level of play is so high that some of the players who want to work on their mechanics of pitching or hitting go to Japan to their careers back on track. American players were needed in the years following WWII to raise the level of baseball in Japan from the level of zero that it sunk to. Baseball was introduced into Japan in 1873 by an American teacher in Tokyo, Horace Wilson, and the game caught on very quickly through much of the island nation. At first, the Japanese had difficulty in understanding the rules of the game-and-in that regard Baron Hiroshi Hiraoka in 1877 traveled to the United States and brought back to Japan a translation of the standard baseball rules. During the past century, the Japanese have generally been really receptive to suggestion from American in working on the games finer points; but on occasion theyll revert to their own practices. When the American players would go on tours to spread awareness and promote the game of baseball in Japan, tha t give some Japanese businessmen and sports people an ideas to begin to create they own professional league, they were thinking that if they ever had to American teams in a competitive game of baseball they would be good enough at least put up a good fight against good quality teams. The Japanese began the league with an eight team annual tournament that began back in December 26, 1934; at the beginning of the 1950s professional baseball in Japan really took off and getting major recognition. This was caused due to American players being invited to sign with teams from both the Pacific and Central leagues, the teams were allowed to have two foreigners on its roster, and most of the teams in the league except for one team usually fill their quota. Within the last 25 years there have at least been 100 Americans have either played or coached in Japan and their presence has been significant, because they were vital to the development and structure of the quality of baseball in Japan. One reason why there is not as many Asian- born players in the Major League Baseball is because they like to keep their players domestic just to help make baseball popular within the continent itself; over the years there has been a booming number of fans and people watching the game on television, or listening to it on the radio. All Asian countries are slowly gaining recognition of the talent that has been untapped to its fullest potential. There are some players that are getting permission to come to United States, but those are players who have excelled past their potential and need to be exposed to the rest of the world to showcase their skills and talents. In recent years, some of the major Japanese imports to the United States have been Yu Darvish and Shohei Ohtani, they were both in their early twenties; and the older imports from Japan are players like Hideki Matsui, Ichiro Suzuki, and Daisuke Matsuzaka. Most of the Japanese players who come into the United Stated are pitchers, in Japans culture the best player on the team the is pitcher, most of the youth in Japan today who play baseball want to be pitchers. The exposure to the game of baseball in the Asian countries is huge now in todays modern baseball, with more children getting the opportunity to start getting a feel for the baseball at a young age; they are able to learn about the game and improve their skills and techniques at a young age to become the best player possible for the future. Major League Baseball has gained global interest from different parts of the world, and they are starting to become more globalization in parts of the world that were once dominated by other sports, such as, football (soccer), in Brazil, Germany, and other European countries, right now it is a slow process but they feel that with time baseball will become more of a worldwide sport.